A Protean Insect Receptor Holds the Key to Broad-Based Pathogen Recognition
نویسنده
چکیده
1101 Anything that’s alive runs the risk of infection. How you respond to infection, however, depends on where you sit on the evolutionary tree. Humans and other vertebrates can fend off billions of pathogens by routinely recombining bits of genes for surface molecules on the cells charged with pathogen recognition. Insects and other invertebrates rely to a large degree on the pathogen recognition molecules (called pattern recognition receptors) they were born with. When a pattern recognition receptor detects a pathogen—based on what’s known as its pathogen-associated molecular pattern—the receptor can launch a direct attack that either engulfs the invader, through encapsulation or phagocytosis, or triggers signaling pathways that regulate immune system genes involved in killing the pathogen. In a new study, Yuemei Dong, Harry Taylor, and George Dimopoulos found a mosquito gene that vastly boosts the ability of insect pattern recognition receptors to detect pathogens. Originally implicated in neuron development, the gene can create a plethora of receptors for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The AgDscam gene—short for Anopheles gambiae Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule gene—has 101 proteincoding regions (called exons) that can be mixed and matched after transcription to produce over 31,000 possible alternative splice forms with different properties. Thus, while B cell and T cell receptor diversity is generated largely at the gene sequence level before transcription, AgDscam diversity is produced by reshuffl ing sections of gene transcripts before translation into protein. A Protean Insect Receptor Holds the Key to Broad-Based Pathogen Recognition
منابع مشابه
Recombinant Expression of the Non-glycosylated Extracellular Domain of Human Transforming Growth Factorβ Type II Receptor Using the Baculovirus Expression System in Sf21 Insect Cells
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1, β2, and β3) are 25 kDa disulfide-linked homodimers that regulate many aspects of cellular functions, consist of proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and extracellular matrix formation. TGFβs mediate their biological activities by binding of growth factor ligand to two related, functionally distinct, single-pass transmembrane receptor kinases, known as...
متن کاملمروری بر زنبور درمانی در ایران وجهان
Background: Human has encountered lots of pathogen and non-pathogenic agents all over the history and has used lots of methods for the control and treatment of such diseases. Apitherapy is one of such measures. Method: This article is a review one. The related investigations were searched from websites and reliable published texts. Different databases were explored based on appropriate key wo...
متن کاملThe Comparison of the effectiveness of Schein theory based counseling and training based on the approach of constructivism on the orientation of protean career orientation of contract employees
Background: In a world where the phenomenon of job loss is spreading rapidly, the desire to invest continuously in a protean career orientation which will lead to saving human, social and psychological capital, is essential. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Schein theory based counseling and constructivist counseling on the orientation of protean ...
متن کاملAgDscam, a Hypervariable Immunoglobulin Domain-Containing Receptor of the Anopheles gambiae Innate Immune System
Activation of the insect innate immune system is dependent on a limited number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) capable of interacting with pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Here we report a novel role of an alternatively spliced hypervariable immunoglobulin domain-encoding gene, Dscam, in generating a broad range of PRRs implicated in immune defense in the malaria vector Anopheles ...
متن کاملVideo-based face recognition in color space by graph-based discriminant analysis
Video-based face recognition has attracted significant attention in many applications such as media technology, network security, human-machine interfaces, and automatic access control system in the past decade. The usual way for face recognition is based upon the grayscale image produced by combining the three color component images. In this work, we consider grayscale image as well as color s...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- PLoS Biology
دوره 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006